Cost-effective Evaluation of an Educational Intervention based on Multiple Intelligences Versus Traditional Care to Improve Exclusive Breastfeeding in Mothers' Clubs in Peru.

OBJECTIVES: This work sought to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of two educational interventions to improve exclusive maternal breastfeeding in mothers' clubs in Peru. METHODS: This is a retrospective, longitudinal descriptive study, which reviewed 113 information registries of mothers participating in a traditional educational intervention and 104 mothers with intervention based on multiple intelligences, evaluating the level of knowledge and exclusive maternal breastfeeding practices through observation visits. RESULTS: The intervention based on multiple intelligences achieved greater cost-effectiveness than the traditional intervention given that with lower investment, it managed to get 56.73% of the mothers to increase their knowledge and 68.27% to practice exclusive maternal breastfeeding from six months to more months in comparison with the traditional intervention in which 41.59% and 43.36% improved, respectively. Moreover, for its effective application, on every 100 mothers, its investment would result lower than the traditional program. CONCLUSIONS: Upon applying satisfactorily the cost-effectiveness evaluation, as model to compare educational interventions on exclusive maternal breastfeeding, better results were determined with the intervention based on multiple intelligences compared with the traditional intervention, given that with lower investment, it was possible to benefit a greater number of mothers in their level of knowledge and practices of maternal breastfeeding.

Cost-effective Evaluation of an Educational Intervention based on Multiple Intelligences Versus Traditional Care to Improve Exclusive Breastfeeding in Mothers' Clubs in Peru

Objective. This work sought to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of two educational interventions to improve exclusive maternal breastfeeding in mothers' clubs in Peru. Methods. This is a retrospective, longitudinal descriptive study, which reviewed 113 information registries of mothers participating in a traditional educational intervention and 104 mothers with intervention based on multiple intelligences, evaluating the level of knowledge and exclusive maternal breastfeeding practices through observation visits. Results. The intervention based on multiple intelligences achieved greater cost-effectiveness than the traditional intervention given that with lower investment, it managed to get 56.73% of the mothers to increase their knowledge and 68.27% to practice exclusive maternal breastfeeding from six months to more months in comparison with the traditional intervention in which 41.59% and 43.36% improved, respectively. Moreover, for its effective application, on every 100 mothers, its investment would result lower than the traditional program. Conclusion. Upon applying satisfactorily the cost-effectiveness evaluation, as model to compare educational interventions on exclusive maternal breastfeeding, better results were determined with the intervention based on multiple intelligences compared with the traditional intervention, given that with lower investment, it was possible to benefit a greater number of mothers in their level of knowledge and practices of maternal breastfeeding.

Objetivo. Evaluar el costo-efectividad de dos intervenciones educativas para mejorar la lactancia materna exclusiva en clubes de madres en Perú. Métodos. Es un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal. Se hizo revisión de 113 registros de información de madres participantes de una intervención educativa tradicional y 104 madres con intervención basada en inteligencias múltiples, evaluando el nivel de conocimiento y las prácticas de lactancia materna exclusiva mediante visitas de observación. Resultados. La intervención basada en inteligencias múltiples consiguió mayor costo-efectividad que la intervención tradicional debido a que, con menor inversión, se logró que el 56.73% de las madres incrementaran sus conocimientos y el 68.27% practicaran lactancia materna exclusiva de seis a más meses en comparación a la intervención tradicional en la cual el 41.59% y 43.36% mejoraran respectivamente. Además, para su aplicación efectiva, sobre cada cien madres, su inversión resultaría menor que el programa tradicional. Conclusión. Al aplicar satisfactoriamente la evaluación costo-efectividad como modelo para la comparación de intervenciones educativas sobre lactancia materna exclusiva, se determinaron mejores resultados con la intervención basada en inteligencias múltiples en comparación con la intervención tradicional, pues, con una menor inversión, se logró beneficiar a una mayor cantidad de madres en su nivel de conocimientos y prácticas de lactancia materna.

Objetivo. Avaliar o custo-efetividade de duas intervenções educacionais para melhorar o aleitamento materno exclusivo em clubes de mães no Peru. Métodos. Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e longitudinal, baseado na revisão de 113 fichas de informações de mães participantes de uma intervenção educativa tradicional e 104 mães com uma intervenção baseada em inteligências múltiplas, avaliando o nível de conhecimentos e práticas da amamentação exclusiva por meio de visitas de observação. Resultados. A intervenção baseada em múltiplas inteligências obteve maior custo-efetividade do que a intervenção tradicional, pois com menor investimento conseguiu que 56.73% das mães aumentassem seus conhecimentos e 68.27% praticasse o aleitamento materno exclusivo por 6 meses ou mais, em comparação com a intervenção tradicional em que 41.59% e 43.36% melhoraram respectivamente; além disso, para sua aplicação efetiva a cada cem mães, seu investimento seria inferior ao do programa tradicional. Conclusão. Ao aplicar com sucesso a avaliação de custo-efetividade como modelo de comparação de intervenções educativas em aleitamento materno exclusivo, foram determinados melhores resultados a favor da intervenção baseada em múltiplas inteligências, em comparação à intervenção tradicional, constatando que, com menor investimento, A maior número de mães foi beneficiado em seu nível de conhecimento e práticas de amamentação.

Prevalence and risk factors for extrinsic discoloration in deciduous dentition of Peruvian schoolchildren / Prevalencia y factores de riesgo de pigmentaciones extrínsecas en dentición decidua de escolares peruanos

ABSTRACT. Introduction: discoloration due to fluorosis is frequent in northern Peru, making extrinsic discoloration to go unnoticed or confused with other conditions due to lack of appropriate differential diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with extrinsic discoloration in deciduous dentition among schoolchildren of primary schools from Pimentel, Salas, and Chiclayo (Lambayeque, Peru) in 2015. Methods: This was an epidemiological analytical study using cases and controls, aimed at identifying risk factors associated with extrinsic discoloration. It used a census population of 238 clinical records of first and second graders from three different primary schools. Calibration was conducted by differential diagnosis of discoloration (kappa k = 0.76), using Odds Ratio (OR) as a measure of association to determine the significance of risk factors. Results: The prevalence of extrinsic discolorations was 6.72%. In all three schools there was significant association between low presence of caries and extrinsic discoloration, like this: Nicolás La Torre (OR: 23.46 CI95% 2.53-217.96), Santa Rosa (OR: 19.33 CI 95% 1.81-206.73), and Lanchaco (OR:16.88 CI95% 1.71-166.21). The association with chromogenic bacteria was also significant in the three schools: Nicolás La Torre (OR:15.56 CI95% 1.70-142.05), Santa Rosa (OR:13.75 CI95% 1.31-143.85), and Lanchaco (OR:10.91 CI95% 1.14-104.81). Conclusions: in the schoolchildren from Pimentel, Salas, and Chiclayo there was an approximation between expected and found results, agreeing with other studies and antecedents.

RESUMEN. Introducción: en la región norte de Perú, las pigmentaciones por fluorosis se presentan con cierta frecuencia, lo cual ocasiona que las pigmentaciones extrínsecas pasen desapercibidas o sean confundidas por no hacer un adecuado diagnóstico diferencial. El objetivo de este estudio consistió en determinar la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo asociados a pigmentaciones extrínsecas en dentición decidua en escolares de instituciones educativas de Pimentel, Salas y Chiclayo (Lambayeque, Perú), en el año 2015. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico, con diseño epidemiológico de casos y controles, orientado a identificar factores de riesgo asociados a pigmentaciones extrínsecas. Se consideró una población censal conformada por 238 historias clínicas de escolares de primer y segundo grado de primaria de tres instituciones educativas. Se siguió un proceso de calibración en diagnóstico diferencial de pigmentaciones (kappa k = 0,76). Se utilizó la razón de momio (en inglés Odds Ratio, OR) como medida de asociación para determinar la significancia de los factores de riesgo. Resultados: la prevalencia de pigmentaciones extrínsecas fue de 6,72%. Se encontró asociación significativa entre baja presencia de caries y pigmentaciones extrínsecas en las tres instituciones educativas, en Nicolás La Torre (OR: 23,46 IC95% 2,53-217,96), en Santa Rosa (OR: 19,33 IC95% 1,81-206,73) y en Lanchaco (OR:16,88 IC95% 1,71-166,21). La asociación con bacterias cromógenas también fue significativa en las tres escuelas, en Nicolás La Torre (OR:15,56 IC95% 1,70-142,05), en Santa Rosa (OR:13,75 IC95% 1,31-143,85) y en Lanchaco (OR:10,91 IC95% 1,14-104,81). Conclusiones: en los escolares de Pimentel, Salas y Chiclayo hubo una aproximación de los resultados esperados con los encontrados, los cuales además coinciden con otros estudios y antecedentes.